Which route matches the source of your money?
| Route | Source | Instruction to confirm |
|---|---|---|
| Regular contribution | Eligible new money | Contribution year and remaining allowance |
| Direct transfer | Existing IRA | Institution-to-institution payment |
| Direct rollover | Eligible employer-plan distribution | Payee is the receiving IRA or plan |
| Indirect rollover | Eligible distribution paid to you | Deadline, withholding and rollover eligibility |
The distinctions follow IRS contribution and rollover guidance. They do not determine which option an individual should use. IRS · Publication 590-A · as of 2026-11-11 IRS · Rollovers of retirement plan and IRA distributions · as of 2026-11-11
What changes when you add new money?
For 2026, regular contributions across traditional and Roth IRAs combined are limited to $7,500, or $8,600 if age 50 or older, and cannot exceed eligible taxable compensation if that is lower. Rollovers do not use this regular contribution limit. IRS · IRA contribution limits · as of 2026-11-11
Tell the receiving custodian the intended contribution year. A separate IRA does not create another allowance. Regular contributions generally must be monetary; a personal stock of coins is not the equivalent of cash contributed under these rules. IRS · Publication 590-A · as of 2026-11-11
How do direct transfers and rollovers work?
For an IRA transfer, request payment directly between the institutions. For a plan rollover, first confirm that the plan permits an eligible distribution, then use the receiving IRA’s payee instructions. A check can be delivered through you while being payable to the receiving institution; ask the administrator to confirm how it is classified.
Neither a direct rollover nor a trustee-to-trustee IRA transfer has the withholding that applies to an eligible plan distribution paid personally to you. Confirm whether holdings must be sold before the new account can accept the proceeds. IRS · Rollovers of retirement plan and IRA distributions · as of 2026-11-11
What makes an indirect rollover harder to manage?
A distribution paid to you generally has a 60-day rollover deadline. An eligible employer-plan distribution paid to you generally has 20% mandatory withholding; rolling over the full gross amount requires replacing the withheld money from other funds. A direct rollover avoids that withholding. IRS · Rollovers of retirement plan and IRA distributions · as of 2026-11-11
IRA-to-IRA indirect rollovers are generally limited to one in a twelve-month period across your IRAs. Direct trustee transfers and plan-to-IRA rollovers are among the exceptions to that frequency rule. It is not an allowance that resets just because you open another account. IRS · Rollovers of retirement plan and IRA distributions · as of 2026-11-11
Missing the deadline or using an ineligible distribution can produce a taxable distribution and other consequences. The IRS describes potential waivers, but a waiver is not something to presume when initiating a transaction. Seek prompt professional help if a distribution has already been paid to you and its treatment is unclear.
What should you check before releasing funds?
- The receiving account is accepted and its tax registration is correct.
- The originating institution identifies the distribution as eligible, if a rollover is intended.
- The payee and delivery instructions match the receiving custodian’s instructions.
- Any required minimum distribution has been considered separately.
- The cash receipt will be recorded as the intended transfer, rollover or contribution.
Keep funding receipt separate from a purchase order. Money arriving does not automatically authorize a particular metal purchase. IRS · Rollovers of retirement plan and IRA distributions · as of 2026-11-11
Questions at the desk
What else should you know before opening?
Can a required minimum distribution be rolled over?
No. The IRS excludes required minimum distributions from eligible rollover amounts. IRS · Rollovers of retirement plan and IRA distributions · as of 2026-11-11
Does a direct transfer use my indirect rollover allowance?
No. The IRA one-per-year rollover limit does not apply to trustee-to-trustee transfers. IRS · Rollovers of retirement plan and IRA distributions · as of 2026-11-11